Dans cet article, le Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) compare les approches européennes et américaines pour réduire le changement climatique dans un contexte post-Kyoto. L’article conclut que l’approche américaine de « poussée technologique » et l’approche européenne de « demande du marché » ne sont pas contradictoires mais complémentaires.
Les passages suivants sont repris de l’article du CEPS : « Technologie dans une perspective transatlantique post-2012 » de Christian Egenhofer
« The EU and the US have found themselves supporting two polar views on which strategy is the most effective in achieving stabilisation of greenhouse (GHG) emissions: ‘technology push’ vs ‘market pull’. As an advocate of the former, the US asserts that the principal emphasis should be on technology development, financed through typical public R&D programmes. In supporting the ‘market-pull’ approach, the EU argues that technological change is an incremental process emanating primarily from business and industry, induced by government incentives. This paper argues that these two opposing positions can be explained by the respective political economies in the EU and the US but that changes are afoot that can improve the prospects for cooperation. In order to foster the convergence of views, additional conditions need to be fulfilled in both the EU and the US ».